diff --git a/british-english/SKILL.md b/british-english/SKILL.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fe94b7a --- /dev/null +++ b/british-english/SKILL.md @@ -0,0 +1,193 @@ +--- +name: british-english +description: Apply British English spelling and grammar as a global default whenever a project does not explicitly declare its language in CLAUDE.md or AGENT.md. Invoke when creating or editing files, writing commit messages, generating documentation, or producing any user-facing text in a project that has no project-level language override. Covers -ise endings, -our/-re/-ogue spellings, doubled-l verb forms, noun/verb pairs such as practise/license, and other British–American differences. +--- + +# British English + +Conventions for writing in British English, as distinct from American English. Follow these rules consistently throughout a document. + +## Spelling + +### -ise not -ize +Use -ise endings (the dominant British convention outside Oxford University Press): + +organise, realise, recognise, apologise, specialise, summarise, emphasise, authorise, categorise, prioritise, criticise, customise, finalise, minimise, optimise, standardise, sympathise, visualise + +**Exception:** -yse is always British (never -yze): analyse, paralyse, breathalyse, catalyse + +### -our not -or +colour, favour, honour, humour, labour, behaviour, neighbour, glamour, odour, rigour, valour, flavour, harbour, vapour, savour, endeavour + +### -re not -er +centre, fibre, theatre, metre, litre, lustre, sombre, sabre, calibre, manoeuvre, spectre, reconnoitre + +### -ence/-ence not -ense +defence, offence, pretence, licence (noun) / license (verb), practice (noun) / practise (verb) + +**Remember:** noun = c, verb = s. "The doctor's **practice**. She **practises** medicine. A driving **licence**. You are **licensed** to drive." + +### -ogue not -og +catalogue, dialogue, monologue, analogue, prologue, epilogue, travelogue + +### Doubled consonants +British doubles the final consonant before suffixes regardless of stress: + +travelled, travelling, traveller, cancelled, cancelling, modelled, modelling, labelled, labelling, counselled, counselling, marvellous, signalling, worshipped, jewellery, fulfilled, skilful, wilful, enrol, instalment + +### Programme vs program +- **programme** = broadcast, event, plan, schedule +- **program** = computer software only + +### Other British spellings +aluminium, aeroplane, grey, tyre, mould, plough, sulphur, pyjamas, cheque (bank), draught (beer/air), kerb (road edge), storey (of a building), sceptic, artefact, mediaeval (older British form; medieval is now standard in modern usage), annexe (noun), furore + +## Punctuation + +### Quotation marks +- **Single quotes** for primary quotations: 'like this' +- **Double quotes** for quotes within quotes: 'He said "hello" and left' + +### Logical punctuation +Place commas and full stops **outside** quotation marks unless they are part of the quoted material: + +- The minister called the proposal 'absurd'. +- She asked, 'What time is it?' (question mark is part of the quote) +- 'I shall return,' he said. (comma is part of the quoted speech) + +### Oxford comma +Optional in British English. Generally **omit** unless needed to prevent ambiguity: + +- "red, white and blue" (standard) +- "my parents, the Queen, and the Prime Minister" (needed to avoid implying your parents are the Queen and PM) + +### Dashes +Use spaced en dashes for parenthetical statements: +- "The policy – introduced last year – has been revised." (note the spaces around the en dash) + +## Vocabulary + +| British | American | +|---|---| +| boot | trunk | +| bonnet | hood | +| windscreen | windshield | +| lorry | truck | +| petrol | gas/gasoline | +| motorway | freeway/highway | +| pavement | sidewalk | +| car park | parking lot | +| number plate | license plate | +| flat | apartment | +| ground floor | first floor | +| first floor | second floor | +| lift | elevator | +| torch | flashlight | +| wardrobe | closet | +| cooker | stove | +| bin | trash can | +| rubbish | garbage/trash | +| garden | yard | +| post | mail | +| postbox | mailbox | +| postcode | zip code | +| mobile (phone) | cell phone | +| maths | math | +| full stop | period | +| university | college (informal) | +| term | semester | +| head teacher | principal | +| marks | grades | +| revision | review (studying) | +| biscuit | cookie | +| crisps | potato chips | +| chips | French fries | +| aubergine | eggplant | +| courgette | zucchini | +| coriander | cilantro | +| sweets | candy | +| fizzy drink | soda | +| takeaway | takeout | +| queue | line | +| holiday | vacation | +| fortnight | two weeks | +| chemist | drugstore | +| shop | store | +| bill | check (restaurant) | +| nappy | diaper | +| dummy | pacifier | +| autumn | fall | +| aluminium | aluminum | +| tyre | tire | +| grey | gray | + +## Dates and Times + +- **Day-Month-Year:** 15 March 2026 or 15/03/2026 +- No comma between month and year +- 24-hour clock in formal writing: 14:30 +- 12-hour clock with lowercase: 2.30pm (note: full stop not colon, no space before am/pm) + +## Grammar + +### Collective nouns as plural +When emphasising the individuals in a group, use plural verbs: +- "The government **are** divided on this issue." +- "The team **are** playing well." +- "The committee **have** decided." + +Singular is also acceptable when the group acts as a unit: "The company **is** based in London." + +### Got not gotten +- "I've **got** a new car." (possession — standard British) +- "She's **got** better at it." (become — standard British) +- Never use "gotten" — it's American. + +### Shall vs will +- **Shall** for first-person offers and suggestions: "Shall I open the window?" "Shall we go?" +- **Will** for simple future: "I will be there at three." +- In formal/legal writing, "shall" indicates obligation (though "must" is increasingly preferred). + +### Past participles — irregular forms preferred +learnt, dreamt, burnt, spoilt, smelt, spelt, knelt, leant (not learned, dreamed, burned, etc. — though both accepted) + +### Prepositions +- "at the weekend" (not "on the weekend") +- "in hospital" (not "in the hospital") +- "at university" (not "in college") +- "different from" or "different to" (not "different than") +- "fill in a form" (not "fill out") +- "write to someone" (not "write someone") + +### Present perfect for recent events +- "I've just eaten." (not "I just ate.") +- "Have you seen it?" (not "Did you see it?" — for recent events) + +### Needn't +"You needn't worry." is standard British alongside "You don't need to worry." + +## Measurements + +Metric is official, but imperial persists in specific contexts: +- **Miles** for road distances and speed (mph) +- **Feet and inches** for human height +- **Stones and pounds** for body weight (1 stone = 14 pounds) +- **Pints** for beer, cider, and milk +- **Celsius** for temperature +- **Kilograms** for other weights +- **Litres** for fuel (but miles per gallon for economy) +- **A4 paper** (210 x 297mm), not Letter size + +## Currency +- Pound sign before the figure: £50, £1,200 +- Pence with p: 50p +- No space between symbol and number +- "Per cent" as two words when spelled out; % symbol with no space: 10% + +## Authoritative Sources + +- New Oxford Style Manual (Oxford University Press) +- Guardian and Observer Style Guide +- Cambridge Guide to English Usage +- Fowler's Modern English Usage +- GOV.UK Style Guide \ No newline at end of file